Approach to psychology essay
Is the psychodynamic approach idiographic or nomothetic
Early behaviourists such as John B Watson rejected introspection as it involved too many concepts that are vague and difficult to measure. If the ID is dominant, the individual might develop a psychosis e. The preconscious: this a part of the mind that we cannot access without effort. If the consequences are pleasant they repeat the behavior but if the consequences are unpleasant they do not repeat the behavior. Holism Vs reductionism The cognitive approach tends to be reductionist as when studying a variable it isolates processes such as memory from other cognitive processes. In most cases, it will arrive the following day, but at busy times can take up to 3 days. However they do not cure the disorders and when patients stop the drugs the symptoms reappear. Our materials are not sold with digital rights protection - you are able to use them straightaway without password protection. It has practical applications for example systematic desensitisation based on classical conditioning is used in the treatment of phobias.Laboratory experiments were used with high control of extraneous variables. However, in our normal life we would use many cognitive processes simultaneously, so it lacks validity.
SLT can explain the difference of behavior between different cultures as if a behavior is not displayed it cannot be imitated, this can explain why groups such as the Amish are non-violent.
The cognitive approach uses lab.
Bandura and Walters AO1 The bobo doll experiment was repeated, but this time the three groups were exposed to an aggressive model and saw different consequences for the model: Group 1: the model was praised Group 2: the model was punished told off Group 3: no consequences for the aggressive behavior Results: When left on their own to play the children in group 1 showed the most aggression followed by group 3.
Classical conditioning: learning by association AO1 Classical conditioning is learning through association and was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov.
Learning approach psychology quizlet
Returns Policy Due to the nature of our digital resources, we do not normally offer any refunds for materials purchased from us. Skinner argues that free will is an illusion. Many of the experiments carried out were done on animals; we are different cognitively and physiologically, humans have different social norms and moral values these mediate the effects of the environment therefore we might behave differently from animals so the laws and principles derived from these experiments might apply more to animals than to humans. It neglects the influence of factors such as early childhood experiences, conditioning or cognitive processes. Conclusion: This supports SLT as it shows that children imitate behavior of role model even if the behavior is aggressive. Group 1: 12 girls and 12 boys were shown a model hitting the doll with a hammer and shouting at the doll. Classical and operant conditioning have also been used to explain attachment. However, it measures non-observable behaviors; therefore it could be argued that it is not as scientific as the behaviorist approach. A practical example of the difference between genotype and phenotype: phenylketonuria PKU PKU is a genetic disorder which affects the ability to break down a substance contained in normal foods phenylalanine.Following Darwin, behaviourists suggested that the basic processes that govern learning are the same in all species. Defense Mechanisms AO1 Repression: Is used by the ego to keep disturbing memories out of the conscious mind and in the unconscious mind where they cannot be accessed, e.
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Psychodynamic approach essay example
Bandura and Walters AO1 The bobo doll experiment was repeated, but this time the three groups were exposed to an aggressive model and saw different consequences for the model: Group 1: the model was praised Group 2: the model was punished told off Group 3: no consequences for the aggressive behavior Results: When left on their own to play the children in group 1 showed the most aggression followed by group 3. Evaluation AO3 The cognitive approach uses a very scientific method; mainly lab. The resource may not be distributed to other institutions that are members of the same academy chain or similar organisation; each individual institution must have a separate school network licence. The office is open Monday to Friday, so any orders placed after 3. These are controlled and replicable so the results are reliable however they lack ecological validity because of the artificiality of the tasks and environment so it might not reflect the way people process information in their everyday life. Genotype and phenotype Genotype: the genetic makeup of an individual genes present in each of your cells. However these drugs are not effective for all patients and they can have serious side effects and they do not cure the disorders as if the patients stop taking the drug the symptoms reappear. Issues and debates Cognitive AO3 Free will Vs determinism The position of the approach is unclear as it argues on one hand that we the way we process information is determined by our past experience schemas. Issues and debates Biological AO3 Free will Vs determinism It is strongly determinist as it views our behavior as caused entirely by biological factors over which we have no control.It could be argued that twin studies do not separate nature and nature because twins are raised and live in the same environment and the difference in the concordance rate found between MZ and DZ twins could be due to the fact that MZ twins are treated more similarly by their parents than DZ twins because they look more similar.